A QIANLONG MARK & PERIOD BOWLChina, 1736-1795. The deep rounded sides rising from a short foot, covered overall with a rich jihong copper-red glaze thinning to white at rim and foot, the base with the seal mark in underglaze blue.Provenance: This bowl comes from a collection formed by two of the most influential Germans living and working in Tianjin in the late 19th century: Gustav Detring (1842-1913) and his son-in-law Constantin von Hanneken (1854-1925). Individually both men operated at the highest levels of the Qing bureaucracy and played historically significant roles in the politics, diplomacy and military of the tumultuous late Qing period. Whilst Detring and von Hanneken’s professional endeavors in China are well documented, their collecting activities are less known. Collecting Chinese art appears to have been something for a hobby for both men — no doubt facilitated through their close working relationships with Li Hongzhang as well as their access to the Qing court, including to the Dowager Empress Cixi and to the Guangxu emperor. Certain works from the collection were likely personally gifted to them by the Qing court, but collecting may well have also been a means of decorating their palatial Tianjin homes. In 1919, the family left Tianjin for good, settling first in Hannover but, against the backdrop of the post-war economic depression in Germany, some of the family emigrated to the United States in the 1920s and 1930s. Parts of the collection remained in Germany through the first half of the 20th century, and a small number of works (including this bowl) were lent to the groundbreaking ‘Ausstellung Chinesischer Kunst’ exhibition in Berlin in 1929, before also making their journey to America in the 1950s where they have remained with Detring and von Hanneken’s descendants to this day.Condition: Excellent condition. Only three tiny glaze flakes to lip. Some minor wear and smaller firing imperfections. No cracks, hairlines or the like and a nice, lasting sound.Weight: 523.9 grams.Dimensions: Diameter 18.4 cm.It is also noteworthy that following the Hongwu Emperors edict of 1369, requiring that porcelain vessels should be used on the Imperial Altars, red-glazed porcelains came to be used on the Chaoritan, the Altar of the Sun, and hence the glaze on some of these copper-red vessels is called jihong, sacrificial red. 乾隆款及時期霽紅碗中國，1736-1795。圓腹，深碗，短足，施濃重霽紅釉，碗沿及足底留白，碗底青花六字款。來源：此碗來自德國私人收藏，其創始人為兩位曾于十九世紀在天津工作生活過的影響力極大的德國人：Gustav Detring (1842-1913) 與其女婿Constantin von Hanneken (1854-1925)。他們在晚清政治外交史留下很重要的影響。因爲他們與李鴻章及清廷關係密切，收藏中國藝術品成爲他們的興趣。他們離開中國回到德國漢諾威，部分家人去了美國。收藏中的部分藏品曾參加了1929年在柏林舉辦的"亞洲藝術展"，之後于1950年前后去了美國，一直保留至今。品相： 保存極好。唇部有三條機細微的釉面開片。一些磨損及小型燒製缺陷。沒有裂縫，髮絲細縫，敲擊聲悠揚。重量：523.9 克尺寸：直徑18.4 厘米