Late 7th-mid 6th century BC. A bronze helmet raised from a single sheet, hemispherical skull with contoured crest base formed of two parallel corrugated raised ridges to the upper face, originally holding the helmet plume; rectangular cut-out for the face with a border of rivets beneath a shallow narrow border; curved neck protection developing behind the wide pointed cheek-guards; originally fitted with a double profile border; mounted on a custom-made stand. See Pflug, H., 'Illirysche Helme' in Antike Helme, RGZM Monographien 14, Mainz, 1988, pp.43-64; Connolly, P., Greece and Rome at war, London, 1981; Christie's, The Axel Guttmann Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, part 1, London, 2002; Christie's, The Axel Guttmann Collection of Ancient Arms and Armour, part 2, London, 2004; for an example of similar helmets see an example in the Guttman collection (Christie's 2002, p.66); similar to another helmet from the Guttman collection (Inv. Nr. AG 516/H 169) which shows the same kind of dotted perimeter and short rear flange.4.3 kg total, 36cm including stand (14"). From a private UK collection, acquired in 1991; formerly in the Grossmann family collection, Bavaria, Germany, formed in the 1960s; accompanied by a report by military expert Dr. Raffaele D'Amato; this lot has been checked against the Interpol database of stolen works of art and it is accompanied by AIAD certificate number no.10293-168616. This second type of Illyrian helmet, as shown in the Berlin specimen K4 (Pflug, 1988, p.148), is usually characterized by the rear of the skull emphasizing the dome as an independent element of the helmet, and by a neck protector that swings far back and is separated from the pointed cheek pieces by deep side gussets.