9th-11th century A.D. A hollow ceramic vessel with piriform body, short neck and domed mouth, decorated with a circumferential facetted band; intended to be filled with explosive liquid and a wick, and used as a hand grenade. See Arendt, W. I., Granaten des 13-14. Jahrhunderts, die an der Wolga gefunden sind, Zeitschrift fur Historische Waffen-und Kostumkunde, 11 (1926-8), p.42; cf. Arendt, W., Die Spharisch-konischen Gefasse aus Gebranntem Ton, ibid; Ayalon, D., Gunpowder and Firearms in the Mamluk Kingdom, London, 1956, p.16. 540 grams, 12.2 cm (4 3/4 in.) London art market, 2000s. Property of an Essex gentleman. Apanied by an academic paper by military specialist Dr Raffaele D'Amato, dated 15 July 2019 and titled Eastern Roman Empire - Greek Fire Bomb or Hand Grenade (??????? k???????) 9th-11th century A.D. Apart from the use of Siphons or manual flame-throwers called cheirosiphona, special corps of Roman soldiers employed terracotta grenades, in the form of small jars, abundantly evidenced in archaeological excavations. Such were the ??????, vessels (sometimes also of bronze) used for Greek fire. They were called ?????? k?????? or ???????????? where the former had a bulbous shape and the latter a more cylindrical form. [No Reserve]Condition Report: Fair condition.