Circa 2200 B.C. A shafted axe, with rectangular-trapezoidal blade and cylindrical sleeve showing an angular moulding marked at its top, projecting over the top of the blade, slightly barbed in its lower corner; later appliqué formed as a monster head at the top of the neck. See Gernez, G., L’armament en métal au Proche et Moyen-Orient: des origines a 1750 av. J.C., Paris, 2007, fig.2.6, for the type; see also Gorelik, M., Weapons of Ancient East, IV millennium BC-IV century BC, Saint Petersburg, 2003 (in Russian), for other examples and discussion. 180 grams, 81 mm wide (3 1/4 in.). Private family collection formed in London, mid 1980s to early 1990s.