Dutch school, late 17th-early 18th century. "Landscape with cows". Oil on canvas. Re-drawn. Frame of the 19th century Andalusian and cane type. Measurements: 50 x 64 cm; 59,5 x 74 cm (frame). Of all the contributions made by Northern European countries to the history of art, none has achieved the enduring importance and popularity of 17th century Dutch landscape painting. The works of Van Goyen and Ruysdael, among many others, evoke the outlines, terrains and atmospheres of the Netherlands more vividly than any other place, large or small, has ever been depicted. Within this tradition, the most revolutionary and enduring Dutch landscape contribution has surely been its naturalism. Seventeenth-century Dutch painters were the first to create a perceptually real and seemingly comprehensive image of their land and people. Although landscape as an independent genre appeared in Flanders in the 16th century, there is no doubt that this type of painting only reached its full development among Dutch artists. It can be said that it was practically they who invented the naturalistic landscape, which they affirmed as an exclusively central feature of their artistic heritage. There is no doubt that the Dutch painter, filled with pride in his land, knew how to show through his paintings the beauty of its vast plains and overcast skies, the regular layout of its canals and meandering rivers, its polders and dykes, its beaches and, of course, its spectacular stormy seas. Despite their naturalism or the inventorial record of fact, Dutch landscapes were at least as much a product of imagination as of observation. The Dutch vision of reality, almost as literal as photography, does not so much trace the os or examine the topography of its surroundings as it naturally selects and reshapes nature to present it in an exemplary way.