Neapolitan school of the 17th century. Circle of Ascanio Luciani (Naples, 1621-1706) y Luca Giordano (1634-1705). "Adoration of the Shepherds. Oil on canvas. Re-coloured. It presents faults in the frame. Size: 144 x 94 cm; 158 x 108 cm (frame). The distinctive sign of the Neapolitan school has always been its strong naturalistic character, its warm colour, with reddish and chestnut dominants and the cultivation, together with the altar painting, of a type of realistic painting as its best exponent. In Naples, Ribera`s influence was equal to or greater than that of Caravaggio. His naturalism, more sensual and material, more vigorous and vehement, less intellectual than Caravaggio`s, eventually became permeable to Venetian and Flemish influences, becoming richer in colour and lighter in technique, especially from 1635 onwards. His most faithful disciples were the Fracanzano family, Cesare (1600-51) and Francesco (1612-56), Bartolomeo Bassante (1614-56), Paolo Domenico Finoglia (1590-1645) and some others who later cultivated special genres such as Aniello Falcone (1607-56), Salvatore Rosa (1615-73) and Luca Giordano. However, from the Baroque period onwards, the colours became softer and more nuanced, no longer opting for tenebrism, but retaining a great deal of theatricality.